An Examination of Techniques Used to Determine the Success of Health Promotion Programs in Schools in Curbing Substance Abuse
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An Examination of Techniques Used to Determine the Success of Health Promotion Programs in Schools in Curbing Substance Abuse
Abstract
This study examines the methodologies used to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based health promotion programmes in preventing substance abuse among students. Substance abuse remains a major public health challenge, particularly among adolescents, where early initiation increases the risk of long-term dependency and associated social, psychological, and academic problems. Schools provide a strategic setting for preventive interventions due to their structured environment and sustained contact with young people.
The study adopts a mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to generate comprehensive evidence on programme effectiveness. Quantitative data are collected through pre- and post-intervention surveys administered to students to measure changes in knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported substance use behaviours. Qualitative data are obtained through focus group discussions and key informant interviews with teachers, school administrators, and health educators to explore perceptions of programme delivery, relevance, and challenges.
A quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups is employed to assess causal relationships between participation in health promotion programmes and reductions in substance abuse tendencies. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including paired t-tests and regression analysis, are used to analyze quantitative data, while thematic analysis is applied to qualitative data. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, confidentiality, and the protection of minors, guide the research process.
The findings are expected to provide empirical evidence on the strengths and limitations of current school-based health promotion methodologies and offer recommendations for improving programme design, implementation, and evaluation. The study contributes to public health and educational research by identifying effective strategies for preventing substance abuse among students through structured, evidence-based school interventions.
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1.4 Objectives of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypotheses
1.7 Significance of the Study
1.8 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
1.9 Operational Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Conceptual Review
2.1.1 Concept of Health Promotion in Schools
2.1.2 Concept of Substance Abuse among Students
2.1.3 Types of School-Based Health Promotion Programmes
2.1.4 Risk and Protective Factors in Adolescent Substance Use
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.2.1 Social Learning Theory
2.2.2 Health Belief Model
2.2.3 Theory of Planned Behavior
2.3 Empirical Review
2.3.1 Studies on Health Promotion Programmes and Substance Abuse Prevention
2.3.2 Methodological Approaches Used in Previous Studies
2.4 Summary of Literature Review and Research Gap
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Area of the Study
3.3 Population of the Study
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection
3.6 Validity of the Instrument
3.7 Reliability of the Instrument
3.8 Procedure for Data Collection
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
3.10 Ethical Considerations
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Analysis of Research Questions
4.3 Testing of Hypotheses
4.4 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of the Study
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Limitations of the Study
5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies
References
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